Protein Sci. 2002 Mar;11(3):459-66.

Alternative type I and I' turn conformations in the beta8/beta9 beta-hairpin of human acidic fibroblast growth factor.

Institute of Molecular Biophysics and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380, USA.

Human acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) has a beta-trefoil structure, one of the fundamental protein superfolds. The X-ray crystal structures of wild-type and various mutant forms of FGF-1 have been solved in five different space groups: C2, C222(1), P2(1) (four molecules/asu), P2(1) (three molecules/asu), and P2(1)2(1)2(1). These structures reveal two characteristically different conformations for the beta8/beta9 beta-hairpin comprising residue positions 90-94. This region in the wild-type FGF-1 structure (P2(1), four molecules/asu), a his-tagged His93-->Gly mutant (P2(1), three molecules/asu) and a his-tagged Asn106-->Gly mutant (P2(1)2(1)2(1)) adopts a 3:5 beta-hairpin known as a type I (1-4) G1 beta-bulge (containing a type I turn). However, a his-tagged form of wild-type FGF-1 (C222(1)) and a his-tagged Leu44-->Phe mutant (C2) adopt a 3:3 beta-hairpin (containing a type I' turn) for this same region. A feature that distinguishes these two types of beta-hairpin structures is the number and location of side chain positions with eclipsed C(beta) and main-chain carbonyl oxygen groups (Psi is equivalent to +60 degrees). The effects of glycine mutations upon stability, at positions within the hairpin, have been used to identify the most likely structure in solution. Type I' turns in the structural data bank are quite rare, and a survey of these turns reveals that a large percentage exhibit crystal contacts within 3.0 A. This suggests that many of the type I' turns in X-ray structures may be adopted due to crystal packing effects.

PMID: 11847269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

This publication is one of the several that describes a structure solved either at the Kasha Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biophysics or in collaboration with the Institute Faculty. The data used for this structure determination came in full or part from the Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography Facility.